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  2. Cache

Cache

Using cache is a great way of making your application run quicker. The Symfony cache component is shipped with many adapters to different storages. Every adapter is developed for high performance.

The following example shows a typical usage of the cache:

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use Symfony\Contracts\Cache\ItemInterface;

// The callable will only be executed on a cache miss.
$value = $pool->get('my_cache_key', function (ItemInterface $item) {
    $item->expiresAfter(3600);

    // ... do some HTTP request or heavy computations
    $computedValue = 'foobar';

    return $computedValue;
});

echo $value; // 'foobar'

// ... and to remove the cache key
$pool->delete('my_cache_key');

Symfony supports the Cache Contracts, PSR-6/16 and Doctrine Cache interfaces. You can read more about these at the component documentation.

Configuring Cache with FrameworkBundle

When configuring the cache component there are a few concepts you should know of:

Pool
This is a service that you will interact with. Each pool will always have its own namespace and cache items. There is never a conflict between pools.
Adapter
An adapter is a template that you use to create Pools.
Provider
A provider is a service that some adapters are using to connect to the storage. Redis and Memcached are example of such adapters. If a DSN is used as the provider then a service is automatically created.

There are two pools that are always enabled by default. They are cache.app and cache.system. The system cache is used for things like annotations, serializer, and validation. The cache.app can be used in your code. You can configure which adapter (template) they use by using the app and system key like:

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    # config/packages/cache.yaml
framework:
    cache:
        app: cache.adapter.filesystem
        system: cache.adapter.system
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    <!-- config/packages/cache.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
        https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">

    <framework:config>
        <framework:cache app="cache.adapter.filesystem"
            system="cache.adapter.system"
        />
    </framework:config>
</container>
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    // config/packages/cache.php
$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
    'cache' => [
        'app' => 'cache.adapter.filesystem',
        'system' => 'cache.adapter.system',
    ],
]);

The Cache component comes with a series of adapters pre-configured:

Some of these adapters could be configured via shortcuts. Using these shortcuts will create pool with service id of cache.[type]

  • YAML
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    # config/packages/cache.yaml
framework:
    cache:
        directory: '%kernel.cache_dir%/pools' # Only used with cache.adapter.filesystem

        # service: cache.doctrine
        default_doctrine_provider: 'app.doctrine_cache'
        # service: cache.psr6
        default_psr6_provider: 'app.my_psr6_service'
        # service: cache.redis
        default_redis_provider: 'redis://localhost'
        # service: cache.memcached
        default_memcached_provider: 'memcached://localhost'
        # service: cache.pdo
        default_pdo_provider: 'doctrine.dbal.default_connection'
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    <!-- config/packages/cache.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
        https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">

    <framework:config>
        <!--
        default_doctrine_provider: Service: cache.doctrine
        default_psr6_provider: Service: cache.psr6
        default_redis_provider: Service: cache.redis
        default_memcached_provider: Service: cache.memcached
        default_pdo_provider: Service: cache.pdo
        -->
        <framework:cache directory="%kernel.cache_dir%/pools"
            default_doctrine_provider="app.doctrine_cache"
            default_psr6_provider="app.my_psr6_service"
            default_redis_provider="redis://localhost"
            default_memcached_provider="memcached://localhost"
            default_pdo_provider="doctrine.dbal.default_connection"
        />
    </framework:config>
</container>
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    // config/packages/cache.php
$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
    'cache' => [
        // Only used with cache.adapter.filesystem
        'directory' => '%kernel.cache_dir%/pools',

        // Service: cache.doctrine
        'default_doctrine_provider' => 'app.doctrine_cache',
        // Service: cache.psr6
        'default_psr6_provider' => 'app.my_psr6_service',
        // Service: cache.redis
        'default_redis_provider' => 'redis://localhost',
        // Service: cache.memcached
        'default_memcached_provider' => 'memcached://localhost',
        // Service: cache.pdo
        'default_pdo_provider' => 'doctrine.dbal.default_connection',
    ],
]);

Creating Custom (Namespaced) Pools

You can also create more customized pools:

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    # config/packages/cache.yaml
framework:
    cache:
        default_memcached_provider: 'memcached://localhost'

        pools:
            # creates a "custom_thing.cache" service
            # autowireable via "CacheInterface $customThingCache"
            # uses the "app" cache configuration
            custom_thing.cache:
                adapter: cache.app

            # creates a "my_cache_pool" service
            # autowireable via "CacheInterface $myCachePool"
            my_cache_pool:
                adapter: cache.adapter.array

            # uses the default_memcached_provider from above
            acme.cache:
                adapter: cache.adapter.memcached

            # control adapter's configuration
            foobar.cache:
                adapter: cache.adapter.memcached
                provider: 'memcached://user:[email protected]'

            # uses the "foobar.cache" pool as its backend but controls
            # the lifetime and (like all pools) has a separate cache namespace
            short_cache:
                adapter: foobar.cache
                default_lifetime: 60
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    <!-- config/packages/cache.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
        https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">

    <framework:config>
        <framework:cache default_memcached_provider="memcached://localhost">
            <framework:pool name="custom_thing.cache" adapter="cache.app"/>
            <framework:pool name="my_cache_pool" adapter="cache.adapter.array"/>
            <framework:pool name="acme.cache" adapter="cache.adapter.memcached"/>
            <framework:pool name="foobar.cache" adapter="cache.adapter.memcached" provider="memcached://user:[email protected]"/>
            <framework:pool name="short_cache" adapter="foobar.cache" default-lifetime="60"/>
        </framework:cache>
    </framework:config>
</container>
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    // config/packages/cache.php
$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
    'cache' => [
        'default_memcached_provider' => 'memcached://localhost',
        'pools' => [
            'custom_thing.cache' => [
                'adapter' => 'cache.app',
            ],
            'my_cache_pool' => [
                'adapter' => 'cache.adapter.array',
            ],
            'acme.cache' => [
                'adapter' => 'cache.adapter.memcached',
            ],
            'foobar.cache' => [
                'adapter' => 'cache.adapter.memcached',
                'provider' => 'memcached://user:[email protected]',
            ],
            'short_cache' => [
                'adapter' => 'foobar.cache',
                'default_lifetime' => 60,
            ],
        ],
    ],
]);

Each pool manages a set of independent cache keys: keys of different pools never collide, even if they share the same backend. This is achieved by prefixing keys with a namespace that's generated by hashing the name of the pool, the name of the compiled container class and a configurable seed that defaults to the project directory.

Each custom pool becomes a service where the service id is the name of the pool (e.g. custom_thing.cache). An autowiring alias is also created for each pool using the camel case version of its name - e.g. custom_thing.cache can be injected automatically by naming the argument $customThingCache and type-hinting it with either CacheInterface or Psr\Cache\CacheItemPoolInterface:

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use Symfony\Contracts\Cache\CacheInterface;

// from a controller method
public function listProducts(CacheInterface $customThingCache)
{
    // ...
}

// in a service
public function __construct(CacheInterface $customThingCache)
{
    // ...
}

Custom Provider Options

Some providers have specific options that can be configured. The RedisAdapter allows you to create providers with option timeout, retry_interval. etc. To use these options with non-default values you need to create your own \Redis provider and use that when configuring the pool.

  • YAML
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    # config/packages/cache.yaml
framework:
    cache:
        pools:
            cache.my_redis:
                adapter: cache.adapter.redis
                provider: app.my_custom_redis_provider

services:
    app.my_custom_redis_provider:
        class: \Redis
        factory: ['Symfony\Component\Cache\Adapter\RedisAdapter', 'createConnection']
        arguments:
            - 'redis://localhost'
            - { retry_interval: 2, timeout: 10 }
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    <!-- config/packages/cache.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
        https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">

    <framework:config>
        <framework:cache>
            <framework:pool name="cache.my_redis" adapter="cache.adapter.redis" provider="app.my_custom_redis_provider"/>
        </framework:cache>
    </framework:config>

    <services>
        <service id="app.my_custom_redis_provider" class="\Redis">
            <argument>redis://localhost</argument>
            <argument type="collection">
                <argument key="retry_interval">2</argument>
                <argument key="timeout">10</argument>
            </argument>
        </service>
    </services>
</container>
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    // config/packages/cache.php
$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
    'cache' => [
        'pools' => [
            'cache.my_redis' => [
                'adapter' => 'cache.adapter.redis',
                'provider' => 'app.my_custom_redis_provider',
            ],
        ],
    ],
]);

$container->getDefinition('app.my_custom_redis_provider', \Redis::class)
    ->addArgument('redis://localhost')
    ->addArgument([
        'retry_interval' => 2,
        'timeout' => 10
    ]);

Creating a Cache Chain

Different cache adapters have different strengths and weaknesses. Some might be really quick but optimized to store small items and some may be able to contain a lot of data but are quite slow. To get the best of both worlds you may use a chain of adapters.

A cache chain combines several cache pools into a single one. When storing an item in a cache chain, Symfony stores it in all pools sequentially. When retrieving an item, Symfony tries to get it from the first pool. If it's not found, it tries the next pools until the item is found or an exception is thrown. Because of this behavior, it's recommended to define the adapters in the chain in order from the fastest to the slowest.

If an error happens when storing an item in a pool, Symfony stores it in the other pools and no exception is thrown. Later, when the item is retrieved, Symfony stores the item automatically in all the missing pools.

  • YAML
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    # config/packages/cache.yaml
framework:
    cache:
        pools:
            my_cache_pool:
                default_lifetime: 31536000  # One year
                adapters:
                  - cache.adapter.array
                  - cache.adapter.apcu
                  - {name: cache.adapter.redis, provider: 'redis://user:[email protected]'}
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    <!-- config/packages/cache.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
        https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">

    <framework:config>
        <framework:cache>
            <framework:pool name="my_cache_pool" default-lifetime="31536000">
                <framework:adapter name="cache.adapter.array"/>
                <framework:adapter name="cache.adapter.apcu"/>
                <framework:adapter name="cache.adapter.redis" provider="redis://user:[email protected]"/>
            </framework:pool>
        </framework:cache>
    </framework:config>
</container>
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    // config/packages/cache.php
$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
    'cache' => [
        'pools' => [
            'my_cache_pool' => [
                'default_lifetime' => 31536000, // One year
                'adapters' => [
                    'cache.adapter.array',
                    'cache.adapter.apcu',
                    ['name' => 'cache.adapter.redis', 'provider' => 'redis://user:[email protected]'],
                ],
            ],
        ],
    ],
]);

Using Cache Tags

In applications with many cache keys it could be useful to organize the data stored to be able to invalidate the cache more efficient. One way to achieve that is to use cache tags. One or more tags could be added to the cache item. All items with the same key could be invalidate with one function call:

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use Symfony\Contracts\Cache\ItemInterface;
use Symfony\Contracts\Cache\TagAwareCacheInterface;

class SomeClass
{
    private $myCachePool;

    // using autowiring to inject the cache pool
    public function __construct(TagAwareCacheInterface $myCachePool)
    {
        $this->myCachePool = $myCachePool;
    }

    public function someMethod()
    {
        $value0 = $this->myCachePool->get('item_0', function (ItemInterface $item) {
            $item->tag(['foo', 'bar']);

            return 'debug';
        });

        $value1 = $this->myCachePool->get('item_1', function (ItemInterface $item) {
            $item->tag('foo');

            return 'debug';
        });

        // Remove all cache keys tagged with "bar"
        $this->myCachePool->invalidateTags(['bar']);
    }
}

The cache adapter needs to implement TagAwareCacheInterface to enable this feature. This could be added by using the following configuration.

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    # config/packages/cache.yaml
framework:
    cache:
        pools:
            my_cache_pool:
                adapter: cache.adapter.redis
                tags: true
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    <!-- config/packages/cache.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
        https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">

    <framework:config>
        <framework:cache>
          <framework:pool name="my_cache_pool" adapter="cache.adapter.redis" tags="true"/>
        </framework:cache>
    </framework:config>
</container>
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    // config/packages/cache.php
$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
    'cache' => [
        'pools' => [
            'my_cache_pool' => [
                'adapter' => 'cache.adapter.redis',
                'tags' => true,
            ],
        ],
    ],
]);

Tags are stored in the same pool by default. This is good in most scenarios. But sometimes it might be better to store the tags in a different pool. That could be achieved by specifying the adapter.

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    # config/packages/cache.yaml
framework:
    cache:
        pools:
            my_cache_pool:
                adapter: cache.adapter.redis
                tags: tag_pool
            tag_pool:
                adapter: cache.adapter.apcu
  • XML
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    <!-- config/packages/cache.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
        https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">

    <framework:config>
        <framework:cache>
          <framework:pool name="my_cache_pool" adapter="cache.adapter.redis" tags="tag_pool"/>
          <framework:pool name="tag_pool" adapter="cache.adapter.apcu"/>
        </framework:cache>
    </framework:config>
</container>
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    // config/packages/cache.php
$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
    'cache' => [
        'pools' => [
            'my_cache_pool' => [
                'adapter' => 'cache.adapter.redis',
                'tags' => 'tag_pool',
            ],
            'tag_pool' => [
                'adapter' => 'cache.adapter.apcu',
            ],
        ],
    ],
]);

Note

The interface TagAwareCacheInterface is autowired to the cache.app service.

Clearing the Cache

To clear the cache you can use the bin/console cache:pool:clear [pool] command. That will remove all the entries from your storage and you will have to recalculate all values. You can also group your pools into "cache clearers". There are 3 cache clearers by default:

  • cache.global_clearer
  • cache.system_clearer
  • cache.app_clearer

The global clearer clears all the cache in every pool. The system cache clearer is used in the bin/console cache:clear command. The app clearer is the default clearer.

To see all available cache pools:

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$ php bin/console cache:pool:list

Clear one pool:

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$ php bin/console cache:pool:clear my_cache_pool

Clear all custom pools:

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$ php bin/console cache:pool:clear cache.app_clearer

Clear all caches everywhere:

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$ php bin/console cache:pool:clear cache.global_clearer
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